critically appreciate the steps taken by govt. to alleviate poverty ???
The government followed a three dimensional approach for the poverty alleviation in India. The following are the three aspects of the approach.
I. Trickle-down Approach- This approach is based on the expectation that the positive effects of economic growth will be trickled down or benefit all sections of the society and also the poor people.
II. Poverty Alleviation Approach- This approach aimed at the creation of income-earning assets and employment generation opportunities.
III. Providing Basic Amenities- This approach aimed at providing the basic amenities like proper medical and health care facilities, better education, proper sanitation etc. to the poor people. These basic amenities positively affect health, productivity, income-earning opportunities and, thereby, alleviate poverty.
A thorough analysis of the three dimensional approach to alleviate poverty yield the following conclusions:
1.Lack of basic Amenities: Although there has been a reduction in the percentage of absolute poor in some of the states but still the poor people lack basic amenities, literacy, and nourishment.
2. Insignificant Change in the Ownership of Resources: There has not been significant change in the ownership of income-earning assets and productive resources.
3. Failiure of Land Reforms: The land reforms initiated by the Government does not have successful records (except West Bengal and Kerala) that further added to the inequality of income arising from land.
4. Lack of Capital and Technology: Lack of capital and availability of easy credit, lack of modern technology and poor access to information and marketing became the major bottlenecks for the small productive houses like cottage industries and other small scale industries.
5. Improper Implementation of Programmes: Improper implementation of poverty alleviation programmes by ill-motivated and inadequately trained bureaucrats further worsened the situation.
6. Corruption: Corruption along with the inclination towards interest of elite's led to an inefficient and misallocation of scarce resources.