Differences between law of segregation and law of independent assortment.

Solution:

Both the laws namely Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment were put forth by independent work of three scientists - Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich Tschermark. As these principles were postulated by Gregor Mendel, therefore later they were popularly known as Mendel's Laws.

Law of Segregation: It is only applicable to a monohybrid cross ie involving only one trait (for example, either plant height or seed color). According to this law, an individual possess two alleles for one trait and at the time of gamete formation, each allele gets equally separated so that each gamete contain only one allele for the trait.
  
For instance,   Parents    Male (Tt)                    x               Female ( tt )
Gametes                      T and t                        x                   t
Offspring                          Tt and tt

Law of Independent Assortment, it states that during the process of gametogenesis, the assortment of genes ie separation of genes is independent of the other gene. This law is applicable only in case of a dihybrid cross.
 
For instance, 
Parents                                PpRr                    x                     PpRr         
Gametes                     PR, Pr, pR and rp         x      PR, Pr, pR and rp  

In this example, Purlpe stem (PP) and red fruits (RR) segregate independent of each other.