explain gel electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is a process used to sepaprate dna fragments that have been digested by restriction enzymes(endonucleases that cut the dna at specific sites called recognition sites).

Principle: Dna being negatively charged is attracted towards the anode when an electric field is applied across it.

The lighter fragments of Dna move faster and the heavier fragments slowerr, hence they get separated. The separation of the fragments can be viewed by staining it with ethidium bromide and exposing it to UVrays and this way we can see the extent of separation. The desired Dna fragment can be cut from the gel and extracted from the gel piece by elution.