GIVE THE NAMES OF TYPES OF JOINTS AND THEIR DEFINITION? GIVE THE FUNCTIONS OF SKELETON?
Answer 1)
Joint is defined as a point connecting two or more bones. On the basis of movement, joints can be classifies as:
1) Fibrous or immovable joint:
These types of joints are only connected by ligaments thus, restricting their movement. For example the joint between the bones of the skull.
2) Cartilaginous or partially movable joints
Cartilaginous joints are the joints where the articulate bones are connected through cartilage. It allows slight movement. For example the joint between vertebrae is cartilaginous joint.
3) Synovial joint or movable joints
These are the movable joints of the body. They allow movement. Synovial joints are further classified into six types:
i) Hinge joints: These joints are present where the convex surface of one bone is connected to the concave surface of another bone. They provide flexibility and extension. For example knee joints.
ii) Ball and socket joints: These joints are present where round head of one bone is fitted into the hollow cup shaped socket of another bone. In addition to flexion and extension, they allow internal and external rotation. For example: shoulder joint.
iii) Gliding joint: These joints occur where the surface of one bone slide over the another one. These allow gliding movements. For example: joints between carpal bones.
iv) Pivot joint: These joints occur where a bony ring rotates around the pivot axis or where the end of one bone rotates around the axis of another bone. For example: palm of the hand.
v) Saddle joint: These joints allow the back and forth and side to side movement. For example: saddle joint connects the bones of the thumb.
vi) Condyloid joints: These joints connect many different bones together. For example: these joints are present in neck region.
Answer 2)
Skeletal system is the body system which consists of bones, associated cartilage and joints. It serves various functions in our body. Some of these are:
- Movement: Muscles are attached to the bones and together they helps in our movement.
- Support: Skeletal system provides structural support to our body.
- Protection: It protects our internal organs like heart, lungs, brain.
- Blood cell production: The red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and other blood components.
- Mineral storage: Various minerals like calcium are stored in bones.
- Energy storage: Fats are stored in the yellow bone marrow of long bones