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Modification of root and stem

Roots and stems are modified in several ways depending upon the function that they have to perform. Some of the common root modifications are:

Storage roots: tuber

Breathing roots: pneumatophores

Support: Banyan, stilt roots

Some common modifications of stem are:

Storage: Rhizome, bulb

Photosynthesis: cactus

Protections: thorns and spines

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modifications of roots

  1. for storage as in carrot, sweet potato, radish, turnip, beet root.
  2. for additional support as in banyan, maize, sugar cane
  3. for respiration as in mangrove plants (rhizopora)

modifications of stems

  1. for storage as in ( (a) tuber- potato (b) bulb- onion (c) rhizome- ginger, tumeric)
  2. for photosynthesinthesis as in cactus
  3. for support (tendrils) as in grape vine, cucurbita, gourd
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Modification of roots are :-

1.Due to food storage---

a. Conical roots. E.g-carrot

b. Fusiform roots.E.g-radiish

c.Napiform roots.E.g-turnip

d.Tuberous roots.E.g-Sweet potato

e.Fasciculated roots.E.g-Dahlia

2.Due to mechanical support---

a.Stilt roots.E.g-maize

b.Prop roots.E.g-banyan tree.

3.Due to physiological function---

a.Respiratory roots.E.g-Rhizophora

b.Nodulated roots.E.g-pea

stem modification:-

1.Aerial Modification---

a.Stem tendril.E.g-Passion flower

b.Thorn.E.g-Bougainvillea

c.Twiner.E.g-Morning glory

d.Phylloclade.E.g-Prickly pear

2.Sub-aerial modification---

a.Runner.E.g-Wood sorrel

b,Stolon-E.g-Colocasia

3.Underground Modification---

a.Tuber.E.g-Potato

b.Rhizome.E.g-Ginger

c.Corm.E.g-colocasia

d.Bulb.E.g-Onion

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