Q.  Can anyone explain this question with some examples?

 While using IUPAC nomenclature, we have to number the carbon atoms on the long carbon-chain according to the functional groups present on them. Therefore, if we arrange following functional groups according to the decreasing order of their preference, the order will be :
 
(A)   - C O O H ,   -   S O 3 H , - C O N H 2 , - C H O
(B)  -   S O 3 H , - C O O H ,   - C O N H 2 , - C H O
(C)  - C H O - C O O H , -   S O 3 H ,   - C O N H 2 ,
(D)  - C O N H 2 , - C H O -   S O 3 H ,   - C O O H ,

 

Dear Student ,
-COOH, SO3H,CONH2,-CHO
The above order is given for preferene of functional group for IUPAC nomanclature.
 
Like some example are:-




 

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