rn

Differentiate between (a) oestrus and menstrual cycles; (b) ovipary and vivipary. Cite an example for each type.

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a)

 

Oestrus cycle

Menstrual cycles

1

These are recurring physiologic changes that occur in non primates females (cow, dog).

These are cyclic physiologic changes that occur in primates females (human, apes).

2

Oestrous cycles continue until death.

It ends at certain age of life. In human it is at 45 -55 years of age.

3

No or negligible bleeding takes place from vagina of female.

Profound bleeding takes place from female vagina.

4

The animals in which Oestrous cycles takes place are sexually reproductive for restricted period of time in a year which is known as the breeding season.

The female are sexually reproductive throughout the year.

 

b)

 

Ovipary 

Vivipary 

1

Laying eggs that hatch and give birth to young ones.

  (of an animal) it is bringing forth live young ones that have developed inside the body of the parent.

  (of a plant) Reproducing from buds that form plantlets while still attached to the parent plant, or from seeds that germinate within the.

2

Birds, snake are examples of ovipary.

Humans, dog, mangroves trees are examples of vivipary.

3

Both internal and external type of fertilization leads to ovipary.

Only internal fertilization leads to vivipary.

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a ) osterus cycle - in non primates like cow , sheep etc. the cyclical changes that take place during reproduction is called osterus cycle 

menstrual cycles - in primates like monkey , apes , humans etc the the cyclical changes that takes place is called menstrual cycle .
b) oviparous animals means the animals which lays eggs . the eggs have hard calcareous covering which protects the egg from harsh conditions . and this type of act is called ovipary ex- reptiles 
viviparous animals are the ones where the zygote if formed inside the body of the mother . and gets all its nourishment .

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