Transcription in eukaryotes is more complex process than in prokaryotes. Justify and compare the initiation, elongation and termination in bacterial cells with eukaryotes.
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Please find below the solution to the asked query.
Transcription is the process of formation of RNA from DNA.
In prokaryotes:
The structural genes are polycistronic and continuous.
A single DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the transcription of all three types of RNA that is mRNA, tRNA & rRNA
The DNA strands unwind and one of the strands (3' → 5’) acts as the template strand.
The RNA polymerase binds at the promoter site for transcription.
It uses ribonucleotides for polymerization on a DNA template following complementary of bases.
As unwinding continues, the new strand of RNA also elongates. Polymerisation occurs in the 5’ → 3’ direction.
When RNA polymerase falls on the terminator sequence, the synthesis stops and the new RNA strand is liberated.
In Eukaryotes:
The structural genes are split.
They have exons interspread with introns. (the coding and non coding sequence respectively)
The primary transcript of RNA undergoes splicing , by which the introns are removed and the exons are joined together.
The hn RNA undergoes two additional processes called, capping and tailing to become mRNA.
Methyl guanosine tri phosphate is added to the 5’ end of hn RNA in capping.
Adenylate residues (about 200 – 300) are added at the 3’ end in tailing.
The fully processed hn RNA is called mRNA is released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Hope this information will clear your doubts about the topic.
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Please find below the solution to the asked query.
Eukaryote gene structure and function differ from prokaryote gene structure and function in several important ways. Eukaryotes have many more genes and these genes are spread across multiple chromosomes. Prokaryotes have less number of genes and these genes are all located on one chromosome.. The greater complexity of the eukaryote genome means that a greater variety and complexity of control mechanisms is necessary. There are also more steps in the transcription process at which control of expression can occur in eukaryote. Because eukaryotes process a nuclear membrane their mRNA must be completely formed and must pass across the nuclear envelope before translation.
Transcription is the process of formation of RNA from DNA.
In prokaryotes:
The structural genes are polycistronic and continuous.
A single DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the transcription of all three types of RNA that is mRNA, tRNA & rRNA
The DNA strands unwind and one of the strands (3' → 5’) acts as the template strand.
The RNA polymerase binds at the promoter site for transcription.
It uses ribonucleotides for polymerization on a DNA template following complementary of bases.
As unwinding continues, the new strand of RNA also elongates. Polymerisation occurs in the 5’ → 3’ direction.
When RNA polymerase falls on the terminator sequence, the synthesis stops and the new RNA strand is liberated.
In Eukaryotes:
The structural genes are split.
They have exons interspread with introns. (the coding and non coding sequence respectively)
The primary transcript of RNA undergoes splicing , by which the introns are removed and the exons are joined together.
The hn RNA undergoes two additional processes called, capping and tailing to become mRNA.
Methyl guanosine tri phosphate is added to the 5’ end of hn RNA in capping.
Adenylate residues (about 200 – 300) are added at the 3’ end in tailing.
The fully processed hn RNA is called mRNA is released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Hope this information will clear your doubts about the topic.
If you have any more doubts just ask here on the forum and our experts will try to help you out as soon as possible.
Regards.