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  1. what is osmoregulation how is it done in unicellular organisms ?

The maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentrations is called osmoregulation

Amoeba make use of contractile vacuoles to collect excretory waste, such as ammonia, from the intracellular fluid by diffusion and active transport. As osmotic action pushes water from the environment into the cytoplasm, the vacuole moves to the surface and disposes the contents into the environment.

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Osmoregulation refers to the control of the levels of water and mineral salts in the blood. It is a homeostatic mechanism and it keeps the organism's fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated

Osmoregulation in unicellular organisms is by active transport. For example in Paramecium - osmoregulation is done by organelles called contractile vacuoles. These contractile vacuoles are spherical shaped structures surrounded by a series of radiating ducts. These ducts collect water and pump it into the central area by means of contractile fibres that contract and force the water into the center. When the vacuoles are full the unicellular organism contracts forcing the water outside the cell.
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