Write a short note on
1 cutting
2 grafting
3 layering
4 tissue culture

Dear Student

Cutting- It is a technique of vegetative propagation in plants where a cutting is made from piece of the parent plant - stem, root or leaf, and planted it in a suitable medium. The nodal region of the stem is preferably taken.

Grafting- Grafting is a process commonly used in asexual propagation techniques where a part of one plant is joined to the stump of another plant. Portion of the stem with many buds is taken and this portion is known as scion. The stump to which the scion is attached is called the stock.

Layering- Layering is a method of propagating a plant by growing roots through bending and nailing down a portion of an aerial stem to the ground while still attached to the parent plant. Once the roots develop, the branch is then cut off from the parent body. The branch that produces the roots is called the layer. 

Tissue culture is the technique or process in which a plant tissue is grown in a cultured medium possessing all the necessary conditions (nutrients, hormone, light etc) required by the plants. These conditions are sterile and results in the formation of many new plants which are the exact copies of the parent tissues over a very short period of time. 

For example: Tissue culture of AgriForest's tissue is characterized by disease free growth, fibrous and healthier root system, a bushier branching habit, and a higher survival rate.

Regards