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Why do we replace a proportionality sign with a constant sign?

A proportinality sign does not give us the  value of the equation nor does it completes the formula. We replace the proportionality sign with a constant to eliminate the proportionality sign and putting an "=" sign in its place.

For example :-- In ohm's law, we study that current (I) is directly proportional to the voltage (V) present in the circuit. So V ∝ I or  I  ∝  V . So by putting a constant R ,  we remove the proportionality sign with an "=" sign.  That is  :--  V = IR  where R = resistance and is a constant of proportionality.

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but from where does resistance come?

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SudeepSingh has given the right answer. Accept it.

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IN THIS CASE ,

RESISTANCE COMES FROM THE MATERIAL OF WIRE ,

THE ATOMS IN THE WIRE PREVENT THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS AND CREATE A RESISTENCE IN THE WIRE,

THE CONSTANT "R" REMAINS SAME FOR THE SAME WIRE BUT CHANGE WITH THE NATURE OR MATERIAL OF WIRE USED

HENCE "R" BALANCES THE EQUATION FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF WIRES USED AS CONDUCTOR

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