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why metals have tendency to lose electrons?

Metals usually have few valence electrons and they loose electrons from their outer most shell thus, forming an ion with positive charge (cations). This is because it is easy for metals to loose electron and attain stable or octet configuration similar to rare gases. Hence to attain stability metals lose valence electrons. E.g. sodium (At no. =11 ; electronic configu-1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1) metal has one valence electron and it is easy for it to loose 1e rather to gain 7e to attain stable configuration. Hence it loose 1e forming Na+ cation.

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Common metals have the general tendency to lose electrons and therefore they form a positive ion - cation. This can be seen from the fact that metals have low ionization energies as compared to non metals which help them lose electrons much more easilly.

On the other hand non metals have the general tendency to gain electrons and therefore they form a negative ion - anion. This can be seen from the fact that non metals have high ionization energies and they do not lose electrons easily, rather have a strong tendency to accept electrons.

Cooking oils are unsaturated - i.e. they will decolourize alcoholic bromine water, w hereas butter is usually saturated and does not decolourize alcoholic bromine water. Therefore, when we add bromine water to cooking oils they liberate bromine gas.uc

Electron dot structure for C2H4

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